Types of Larvae and Pupae I) Eggs The first stage of development in all insects is egg. Majority of insects are oviparous. Egg stage is inconspicuous, inexpensive and inactive. Yolk contained in the egg supports the embryonic development. Eggs are laid under conditions where the food is available for feeding of the future youngones. Eggs […]

Types of Reproduction in Insects Physiology of Reproduction Types of Reproduction 1. OVIPARITY Majority of female insects are oviparous that is, they lay eggs. Embryonic development occurs after oviposition by utilizing the yolk, e.g. Head louse moths. 2. VIVIPARITY Unlike oviparous, here initiation of egg development take place within the mother. The life cycle is […]

Thysanoptera – Thripidae  

Taxonomy – Importance, History and Development Taxonomy is the process of identifying and classifying living organisms. Taxonomists study organisms and identify them based on their characteristics. These characteristics might be visible morphological characteristics or genetic differences. The binomial naming system is the system used to name species. Each species is given a name that consists […]

Structure and Functions of Respiratory System Similar to aerobic animals, insects must obtain oxygen from their environment and eliminate carbon dioxide respired by their cells. This is gas exchange through series of gas filled tubes providing surface area for gaseous exchange (Respiration strictly refers to oxygen consuming, cellular metabolic processes). Air is supplied directly to […]

Structure and Functions of Nervous Systems The basic component in the nervous system is the nerve cell or neuron, composed of a cell body with two projections (fibres) – the dendrite that receives stimuli and the axon that transmits information, either to another neuron or to an effector organ such as a muscle. Axon may […]

Structure and Functions of Insect Cuticle And Moulting Insect body wall is called as Integument or Exoskeleton. It is the external covering of the body which is ectodermal in origin. It is rigid, flexible, lighter, stronger and variously modified in different body parts to suit different modes of life. Structure Body wall consists of an […]

Structure and Functions of Excretory System Different types and their functional mechanisms The removal of waste products of metabolism, especially nitrogenous compounds from the body of insects is known as excretion. The excretion process helps the insect to maintain salt water balance and thereby physiological homeostasis. Following are the excretory organs. 1. Malpighian tubules Thin, […]

Structure and Functions of Digestive System The alimentary canal of insects is a long, muscular, and tubular structure extending from mouth to anus. It is differentiated into three regions viz., Foregut, Midgut and Hindgut. I. FOREGUT Foregut is ectodermal in origin. Anterior invagination of ectoderm forms foregut (Stomodeum). Internal cuticular lining is present. Terminal mouth […]

Order – Orthoptera Family – Acrididae Orthoptera Synonyms: Saltatoria, Saltatoptera Etymology: Ortno – straight; ptera-wings. Common names: Grasshoppers, Locust, Katydid, Cricket, Mole cricket Characters Classification This order is sub divided into two suborders, viz., Caelifera and Ensifera. Sound production is alary type. A thick region on the hind margin of the forewing (scraper) is rubbed […]