Traditional Methods of Pest Control Cultural Control Manipulation of cultural practices to the disadvantage of pests. I. Farm level practices II. Community level practices Advantages Disadvantages Physical Control Modification of physical factors in the environment to minimise (or) prevent pest problems. Use of physical forces like temperature, moisture, etc. in managing the insect pests. Gamma […]

The Insecticides Act, 1968 Salient features of the insecticides act (1968) Role of Plant Quarantine in the Export of Agricultural Commodities International Plant Protection Convention (1951) of FAO, UN. Article V of the convention makes it mandatory for member countries to issue Phytosanitory certificate (PSC) PSC should be conformity with Plant Quarantine Regulations of importing […]

Sterility Methods – Principles -Methods -Requirements and Limitations Sterility Method Control of pest population achieved by releasing large number of sterilized male insects, which will compete with the normal males and reduce the insect population in subsequent generation. It is usually referred as SIT (Sterile insect technique) or SIRM (Sterile insect release method) Sterile insect […]

Role of pollinators, weed killers and other beneficial insects I. Role of pollinators Pollination refers to the transfer of anther to stigma in flowering plants for sexual reproduction. Insects aid in cross pollination in fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, cotton, tobacco, sunflower and many other crops. Insect pollination helps in uniform seed set, improvement in quality and […]

Role Of Honey Bees In Cross Pollination For SEXUAL reproduction in flowering plants transfer of anther to stigma is essential – Pollination Self-pollination Transfer to sligma of same plant No external agents are involved Cross pollination Transfer pollen from one plant to stigma of another plant External agents are involved External agents involved in pollination […]

Principles of Applied Entomology The field of entomology may be divided into 2 major aspects. 1. Fundamental Entomology or General Entomology 2. Applied Entomology or Economic Entomology Fundamental Entomology deals with the basic or academic aspects of the Science of Entomology. It includes morphology, anatomy, physiology and taxonomy of the insects. In this case we […]

Population dynamics and role of biotic factors Attributes of a population Population dynamics. In the J – shaped growth form, the population density increases in exponential or geometric fashion; for example 2,4,8,16,32 … and so on until the population runs out of some resource or encounters some limitation (limit N, Fig 1a). Growth then comes […]

Pheromones Semiochemicals are chemical substances that mediate communication between organisms. Semiochemicals maybe classified into Pheromones (intraspecific semiochemicals) and Allelochemics (interspecific semiochemicals). Pheromones are chemicals secreted into the external environment by an animal which elicit a specific reaction in a receiving individual of the same species. Pheromones are volatile in nature and they aid in communication […]

Pesticides Groups Groups of Pesticides: The pesticides are generally classified into various groups based on pest organism against which the compounds are used, their chemical nature, mode of entry and mode of action.  

Pesticide Compatibility Incompatibility of pesticides may be of following types Hazards Caused By Pesticides The adverse effect caused by pesticides to human beings during manufacture, formulation, application and also consumption of treated products is termed as the hazard. Pesticide hazard occurs at the time of a. Manufacturing and formulation b. Application of pesticides c. Consumption […]